Untitled Document

PREPARATION REPORT FOR THE PROJECT OF RELIEF, REASSEMBLING AND RESTORATION OF AFYONKARAHISAR SULTANDAGI ISHAKLI CARAVANSARAY

Caravansarays or inns are important buildings of Anatolian middle age history. Many Caravansarays which reflect the development of commercial life and liveliness of that life are the buildings built for caravans and people to travel safely. The first examples of Caravansarays are built in the period of time of Karahanli, Gazneli and The Big Seljuq's. Caravansarays, built for the aims of economic and safety, are original buildings in point of architecture and design with their walls calling to mind city wall rampart, crown doors and localities for different services. The Silk Road forming a very old transport route between East and west , has caused these buildings develop, at the same time it caused political, cultural and art interaction. The Caravansarays, that were established within the distance caravans can take in a day (30–40 km), had an effective importance in the Anatolian routes which were not safe and always in danger of being robbed, the permanent travels of easterner and westerner merchants' caravans, and materializing of a commercial efficiency from China to European harbors.

The most important Seljuq's Caravansarays were established on the great trade routes travel over Anatolia in east-west direction. From these roads, the one which is on east-west direction, and starts from Antalya and Alaiye (Alanya) and passes through big centers like Konya , Aksaray, Kayseri , Sivas , Erzincan and Erzurum , arrives to Iran and Turkmenistan . And a second road in the direction of Konya-Aksehir reaches ahead to Istanbul (Turan, 1946). A road from Sivas reaches ahead to Halep and Musul by the way of Malatya-Diyarbakir (Karpuz, 2001).

Caravansarays are established as foundations by Seljuq Sultans and Statesmen. The legal and financial mechanism that supplies the basic working of a Caravansaray has been characterized in the act of foundations that period of time. The workers of Caravansarays were recorded as; a Nazir who comes up the workers, a Müsrif who makes the controls, an administrator (his existence in the inn is not necessary), an inn keeper, a Muzif (manager in charge), an emri havayici (the one who provides the needed supplies and material), a cook in soup kitchen, veterinarian, a mounted service man, an imam and a muezzin for the mescit (Kuban, 2002). In a Caravansaray everybody was given food and drink for three days without being classified as native or foreigner, people from different religions, races and languages lived some kind of world citizenship in these places.

The Caravansarays had the localities such as; dorms, restaurant, supplies storehouse, depots, stables, mescit, fountain (sadirvan), Turkish bath (hamam), drugstore, shoemaker and blacksmith for the accommodation of the caravans after exhausting all-day travels and able to meet all the needs of the passengers and animals (Turan, 1946- Bakir, 1998). The dimensions of the Caravansarays alter according to; the route they were established on, the capacity of the commerce, consequently the size of the caravans and the power of the people who had built them ( Kuban , 2002).

Caravansarays show a similarity and continuousness according to their historical pasts, carrier systems, constructional, architectural and decoration characteristics and deployment areas.

If we classify Anatolian Seljuq Caravansarays tangentially, according to architectural fiction, we see four different types:

the ones with covered parts (Sarapsa Han)
the ones with courtyard and covered parts (Aksaray Sultanhan)
the inns in which courtyards are dominating the building (Evdir Han)
The ones which are formed of interconnecting two plans (Alara Han) (Karpuz, 1989-Karpuz, 2001). On the other hand there are examples built with different plans beyond forms became stereotype.

Since the safety and the accommodation are necessary for the caravans the first built parts are the covered parts. Although the architecture of the covered parts doesn't differ so much between the Caravansarays, it can be seen that the planning of courtyards differ.

In Caravansarays, ruble filling between, cube-shaped stone plated is used as construction material. Brick material is used in cover components like dome and flash light. It is recorded that picking material is used a good many in the walls.

Caravansarays are surrounded with thick walls. Since functionality has an emphasis in the construction of the Caravansarays decoration, dependent to the power of person who made it built, doesn't attract attention so much. Their bigness and magnificence, in the front, are emphasized with crown door. Good examples of stone workmanship can be seen at the crown doors which take part at Caravansaray symmetry axis. It can be seen that the crown door of covered part is also made with care at the Caravansarays with covered parts and open courtyards, pavilion Mescit, which is located at the center of the courtyard in the Caravansarays with courtyard, is another component of the plan where stone work can be seen intensively.

Courtyard is used as summery and open part as a component of the plan. Around the courtyard there were open (eyvan-like iwan) or covered rooms. Especially at the big Caravansarays the function of the courtyard and the locality organization that corresponds to it gave a chance to different architectural fiction. Porch-vault covered arrangement is used for camels. The covered places are arranged to meet the functions mentioned above.

The covered part, if there was a courtyard, is used only for people and mules. People rested on a high stone base, people and animals' being together provided to get warm. In the covered part, the crenels 3-4 meters high, obstructed snow in the winter and the sun in summer to enter, but let the light in. In addition, light was let into the inner part from the flash light that is at the main axis, at the middle clearance. The covered part's roof was covered with vault at the main axis.

• The change of politic balances(equilibrium) in Anatolia , trade route' loose of their former value,

• With the change of transportation vehicles and connected to this, emerge of new routes, by old route' being abandoned at a-good-number-of places have been deserted and became unavailable. (Bektas, 1989)

One of these days some Caravansarays which are important pieces of Seljuq period of time have been authenticated, published, restorated and opened for people's usage of time. However some of the Caravansarays were worned-out because of natural events like rain, humidity or natural disasters like earthquake, flood, and some others were affected negatively because their usage of aside from their aim. Especially the Caravansarays around which there is no allocation-unit have become rubble.

Afyonkarahisar Sultandagi- Ishakli Caravansaray is one of the custodials, historical and architectural work that remained from past to present. In spite of it is at the center of the county no serious study was done. For this reason this study which will be done has the aim to keep this Caravansaray, which is a cultural, historical and architectural monument from past to present, and most of its parts of which stood for long years, and which we can describe as a “culture inheritance”, alive and leave it to next generations.

Sultandagi is a county at the borders of Konya and Isparta provinces, at the east of Afyonkarahisar. It is placed at the point Aegean and Inner Anatolian regions. The valley at the north feet of Sultan Mountains is one of the first allocation-units of Anatolia . The valley begins from feet of Turkmen Mountains and lies to Konya plain. Sultandagi is one of allocation-unit in this deep and wide valley. In the county from there are historical works like hamam, fountain, medrese, Caravansarays from Seljuqs till today.

Ishakli Caravansaray is on the middle period of time route from Konya and Aksaray to Aksehir and Sultandagi. Till coming from Konya to Ishakli Caravansaray it was possible to rest in three caravansarays; Ruzapa Han, Sadiye Han, and Kadin Han. The caravansaray is in Afyon's Sultandagi province on 1412 LA pafta, 24 th city block and 5th lot. It is understood from the inscriptions over the main gate and the crown door of covered part the caravansaray was built in A.H. 647 and A.D. 1249 by Sahip Ata Fahrettin Ali.

Caravansaray was built in the direction northeast-southwest. At northeast side of the building there is an entrance and it faces the present motorway. At the northwest-northeast direction there are less residence wove and little scaled commerce. At the southeast direction there is Il Özel Idare building nearly adjacent to the caravansaray. The building is surrounded by Il Özel Idare, hamam at the northwest side, mosque at south and park at southeast side.

Caravansaray consists of two parts; covered and uncovered. The outer walls 1, 60 m wide is supported by square bastions at corner points and with semi-circle bastions at the middle of wall surfaces. The entrance to the caravansaray's courtyard part is provided from the main gate which is main axis of the front. The caravansaray's severe, nominative outlook is underlined with main gate. At two sides of main gate built with dark or light folded stones there are mihrabiyes. The door space is passed with a low arch.

In the courtyard at the right of the entrance there is porch arranged in two orders. Some of these porches adjacent to covered part have remained. Porches' upper cover is braided with vault order parallel to the entrance. It is understood from the traces (rumps) of the feet of arch that the porched arrangement goes to entrance. It is suggested in the studies made about Ishakli Han that; at the opposite of porched part used for camels, on the left of the entrance there had been a batch of rooms (Akok, 1974-Karpuz, 1989). The building resembles to Sultan Han (AC 1229), on the route Konya Aksaray with this feature. The Mescits face us in the courtyard; on ground, on the upper floor or at the middle at Anatolian Seljuqian Caravansarays. At Ishakli Caravansaray the mescit is at the middle, on the entrance axis. Different from similar ones it is rotated twenty degrees in order to turn it to Kiblah (direction of Mecca ). The square planned mescit is situated on a surface of which passage is provided with diagonal vault internally and tied with arch. Entrance to Mescit is given from the side at the opposite of direction of Kiblah. It is understood form the traces that the needed height is reached by climbing the stairs at the two sides. The stairs are tumbledown today. An important feature of the mescit is that it has vault shaped upper cover with narrowing mukarnas orders. With a stair, inside, can be reached to the roof of the Mescit. Sides of the mescit resemble to each other in respect of main fiction. The corners are half circle molding. Star shaped motifs attract attention on the ashlars-stone-work that forms the arches. Pavilion mescit upper cover and pavement have mainly knocked down and have lost secureness statically. The structure material was damaged and the decorations were wiped.

The covered part is entered from a crown door 8 m . high. A sloppy encirclement arch is placed on the low arch formed with joggled stones. The feet of the arch end with s quinches decorated with oyster. On the surface there is an inscription on which the date of construction and the name of the constructor. On the two sides of the crown door there are two mihrabiyes like main gate. The covered part is divided into five fields with the arch lines settled on four feet. The middle field was hold wider and higher than the other ones. Each sahin, at the level of feet, has been covered sharp vaults supported with one buildup arch.

In the covered part at the center point where the fields cross there is prayer dome-flash light. The flash light part taking place at the third space as to the entrance is hold high and supported with transition components.

Mahmut Akok was made to prepare the relief project belongs to caravansaray by the General Management of Foundations in 1974. In Akok's study, it is suggested that the flash light in the covered part took place in the second space and with this feature it differed from other caravansaray of the period of time. But since the cross-sections in their project confirm this it was seen that the flash light was in the center in the plan. In addition the flash light transition components took place in the center. There are three cesspool windows on the south wall of the covered part and two on the southwest wall. It is understood from traces on the pavement that bottom was not at the same height. It is thought that the lower height where the animals were kept along the outer walls and at the center ascendant height where the people took shelter in was arranged for usage.

It is indicated in the records that the covered part of Ishakli Caravansaray has been up kept before 1964(Akok, 1974). In 1964 the restoration was started by the general management of foundations. The maintenance was broken and since then no work in the meaning of maintenance and restoration was done.

There are a lot of factors that cause historical works to fray and their destruction. These factors can be enumerated as; physical, social, economical and environmental. Afyon Sultandagi Ishakli Caravansaray, also, was affected negatively and damaged by a lot of reasons.

The caravansaray past through an obsolescence and it became out of function because the trade routes lost their importance, the caravansarays' functions at the period of times they were built lost their validness in today's conditions, industrialization, urbanization, etc. In time with abandonment of the building, it stayed neglected and nearly putrefied. One period of time the covered part of caravansaray was used as a junk yard, as a result of being deserted the structure materials were folded up. Because of unconsciousness the smugglers looking for valuable things damaged the structure materials, because of excavations on the walls the resistance decreased and the destruction increased.

The development- plan of Sultandagi where the Ishakli caravansaray positioned was made in 1977. (Structurilazition) at the nearby environment of the caravansaray caused the caravansaray statically. Especially Il Özel Idare building built in 1970s positioned at the south of the caravansaray is almost adjacent to the caravansaray. The garbages and the carts positioning around the building, have constituted deficiencies in the point of view visual and environmental effect.

Because of climate and environment conditions at the parts of the building near the ground in respect of the stones pore constitution, moisture rising from the land caused corruptions on the surface of the wall, with the effect of rainwater getting covered with moss, getting planted and also bacteria and fungi caused stones to tear.

Since the area the caravansaray positioned as an earthquake area, another factor of fray is the earthquakes. Afyon Sultandagi is in first degree earthquake area. In the province, especially the traditional wove damaged heavily during Sultandagi Çay earthquake of intensity 6.0 degrees on 03.02.2002. Ishakli caravansaray is one of the historical works affected by the earthquake. The pavilion mescit in the courtyard of the caravansaray damaged heavily, collapse happened at roof cover and pavement, on the surface of the walls of mescit fissures happened and at ground subsides happened in the earthquake happened in 2002. During the studies it was determined that there are also subsides in the covered part.

Ishakli caravansaray one of beautiful examples of Anatolian Seljuq Architecture was abandoned since has lost its original usage and it couldn't serve appropriately tending to its period of time and a result of abandonment it stayed neglected. It has taken present situation because of unconsciousness of people, environmental factors and natural disasters like earthquake. It is needed to protect our works that have historical, architectural and cultural worth, to make them stand, to care and restorate them in order to leave them next generations, to gain them for our people by evaluate them according to their position and architectural fiction and by making them to have functions that have validness in present conditions. Aimed at protecting the society must be awakened and in order to make the continuousness go on people must be made to have sensibility. Aimed at protecting the specialist staffs must come together and with cooperation of various disciplines it must be procured to reach a solution.

According to the protocol signed between Afyonkarahisar province governorship and Selçuk University Engineering Architecture Faculty Circulating-Capital Establishment the works started in January 2003 in accordance with the program in order to restorate, renovate, to gain Ishakli caravansaray by making it to have functions appropriate to present. Building survey project necessary for documenting the present situation and after date restoration project studies attribution of something to the purpose is the first and the most important process. In this process measurements were done with traditional and modern measurement methods and by taking advantage of present technology with help of optic devices. The measurements started at the covered part which remained and was repaired in 1970s. The constant (red) figure indicating elevation was determined by laser measurement devices. By the red figure indicating elevation was predicated on it was transferred to pavilion mescit and porched part. With the height measurements made out of the figure indicating elevation the sinkings at the bottom and fillings were determined. Measurements were made by using triangular method on the surfaces of arch and vault. During forming building survey project except measurement it was made use of taking photograph method and the anterior studies.

As at April 2003, the studies of building survey have almost finished. Surface excavation studies (rubble clearing) needed to undercover traces of covered part wall which was positioned opposite the porched part on the left of gateway in the courtyard.

Destructions happened in the building and the damages at construction material were photographed and determined with the method of due diligence. The factors causing destruction were examined and it was tried to form a base for the measures in the future. The causes relating to destruction and technical study is going on. Reassembling project is the process coming after building survey study. To this process, the anterior studies done during the building survey study, historical records and the resembling buildings of its period of time will shed the light on. Reassembling studies are determination of the building's situation in the period of time it was built. As result of the researches with the reassembling study decisions will be introduced which will shed light on the restoration project.

In the restoration project the main aim will be not to protect only the building but also to protect it with its environment. It will be right to knock down the Il Özel Idare Building, that damaged the caravansaray statically and that spoils the environmental character in the meaning of integrity, and the negativity around the caravansaray ( in the meaning of visual pollution). It is aimed by protecting the caravansaray and the historical mosque built in 1914, the historical hamam and fountain built in the period of Ottomans around the caravansaray as a historical structure, and to change its surroundings into green fields and to arranged foot roads by removing asphalt motorways and the filling.

Researches are being made attributed to bring in with an acceptable new function with the present conditions, the studies to choose the proper function by taking caravansaray's regional position, its relation with present motorways, the needs of Sultandagi County into account and in the context of principles functionality, economically, sustainability and ability to keep alive. The proposals will also be evaluated in the dimension of interventions that can be made to historical works. Nevertheless the suggestions at first stage are;

• It is thought that caravansaray can be arranged as building housing a kaimakam's office since building housing a kaimakam's office is not enough qualitively. But in the meaning of place quantitive overage will be needed so there will be interventions. Thoughts of the Protection of Culture and Nature Assets Commission (Kültür ve Tabiat Varliklarini Koruma Kurulu) inclined to the suggestion will be evaluated.

• The caravansaray is positioned near Konya-Afyon-Izmir Highway . It can be arranged as restaurant or teagarden or little commerce places for short time resting or sightseeing tours for the tourists in this direction. In the direction of this function the present building can meet place needs. To provide continuity can be possible by introductions to people and bringing it in for people in process economy.

• With the aim to carry on the original function of the Caravansaray it is possible to arrange the building as a short time accommodation establishment, namely a hotel with a limited capacity. Also in this case little interventions to the building will be needed.

In the meaning of new function-function transformation the studies and researches continue in the direction of principles. Positive and negative points will be evaluated with the being oriented of the related corporation and organizations and their thoughts. The aim in the search of new function is, to give the caravansaray right to live, to provide historical, cultural and architectural continuity. With the aim of by evaluating historical custodies and to pass them on future, to increase individual-social sensitivity, to look after our own values and to uncover them for civilization will be the first and the most important steps.

PREPARATION REPORT FOR THE PROJECT OF RELIEF AND REASSEMBLING OF AFYONKARAHISAR SULTANDAGI ISHAKLI SAHIP ATA CARAVANSERAI

The values we have been living in Anatolia for centuries are the works made during Anatolian Seljuks era. A lot of buildings have stayed for 800 hundred years since1200s which were built for different functions with their locality organizations with the architectural style, components used in the building materials, the decorations and trimmings, reflecting the social and cultural life of the era.

The inns and caravanserais which are as old as the culture, commerce and transportation of eastern countries, were built on the Anatolian trade routes especially in the era of Seljukians with the distance 30- 40 km . The caravanserais which differ formally according to the commerce capacity of the roads they were built on and the economical strength of the person who made it built were built in the direction of the main needs.

Afyon Sultandagi (Ishakli) Sahip Ata Caravanserai of which an important part has stayed is among the cultural entities that have to be protected. It was benefited in the reassembling studies corresponded to the caravanserai from;

In this part after a general informing about Anatolian Seljukian architecture, Sultandagi (Ishakli) Sahip Ata caravanserai's importance and place among the Seljukian caravanserais were emphasized. Information was given about the protection criteria.

Caravanserais or inns are important buildings of Anatolia Turkish middle age history. Many caravanserais reflecting development of commercial life and that life's liveliness are accommodation facilities built for nestling and safe travel of passengers and caravans. The first examples of caravanserais were built at the central Asia by Karajan, Gaznevi and Seljukians. The caravanserais built for the aims of safety and trade are important buildings in the architectural and design with their walls reminding ramparts, their crown doors and their places meeting different services. The Silky Road forming a very old intercommunication between east and west caused the caravanserais arise, nevertheless it provided political, cultural and art interaction. The caravanserais which were built within the distance that a caravan can take in a day had an active role in the eastern and western merchants' caravans wandering in the middle age Anatolian roads which were not safe and where there had been a risk of being robbed, and materializing a continuous commerce activity from China to European ports.

The most important Seljukian Caravanserais were built on the big trade route that travels over Anatolia in the direction of east-west. Among these roads the one starting from Antalya and Alaiye (Alanya) reaches to Iran and Turkmenistan by passing through the centers like Konya , Aksaray, Kayseri , Sivas , Erzincan and Erzurum . A second road lying through Konya Aksehir goes to Istanbul (Turan, 1946). And a road from Sivas reaches to Halep and Musul over Malatya-Diyarbakir (Karpuz, 2001).

Caravanserais were established as foundations by Seljukian Sultans and statesman. The legal and financial mechanism providing the basic processing of the caravanserais were defined in the vakfiyes ( act of foundation ) of that era . The workers of Caravansarays were recorded as; a Nazir who comes up the workers, a Müsrif who makes the controls, an administrator (his existence in the inn is not necessary), an inn keeper, a Muzif (manager in charge), an emri havayici (the one who provides the needed supplies and material), a cook in soup kitchen, veterinarian, a mounted service man, an imam and a muezzin for the mescit (Kuban, 2002). In a Caravansaray everybody was given food and drink for three days without being classified as native or foreigner, people from different religions, races and languages lived some kind of world citizenship in these places. The Caravansarays had the localities such as; dorms, restaurant, supplies storehouse, depots, stables, mescit, fountain (sadirvan), Turkish bath (hamam), drugstore, shoemaker and blacksmith for the accommodation of the caravans after exhausting all-day travels and able to meet all the needs of the passengers and animals (Turan, 1946- Bakir, 1998). The dimensions of the Caravansarays alter according to; the route they were established on, the capacity of the commerce, consequently the size of the caravans and the power of the people who had built them ( Kuban , 2002).

Caravansarays show a similarity and continuousness according to their historical pasts, carrier systems, constructional, architectural and decoration characteristics and deployment areas.

Erdman (1961) has used the existence of closed and open parts at the caravanserais as a criterion, and according to this he classified them in three groups:

the hall inns with only covered parts
the inns with courtyard and covered parts
The avla inns with only courtyards (Yavuz, 1976).

In addition to this classification the inns which are formed of interconnecting two plans and defined as esodakli (Alara Han, Eshab-i Kehf Han) were accepted as fourth type (Karpuz, 1989-Karpuz, 2001).

• The change of politic balances(equilibrium) in Anatolia , trade route' loose of their former value,

One of these days some Caravansarays, which are important pieces of Seljuq period of time, have been authenticated, published, restorated and opened for people's usage of time. However some of the Caravansarays were worned-out because of natural events like rain, humidity or natural disasters like earthquake, flood, and some others were affected negatively because their usage of aside from their aim. Especially the Caravansarays around which there is no allocation-unit have become rubble. Nevertheless the negativity of the restoration works made for protection and being left without completion increased the damage at the buildings. Afyon Sultandagi (Ishakli) Sahip Ata Caravanserai is one of the historical and cultural custodies from past to present. The caravanserai was repaired partly between the years 1965-1975. But till present no serious work with the aim of protection of the caravanserai was made.

• The position and General Architectural Features of Afyon Sultandagi (Ishakli) Sahip Ata Caravanserai

Sultandagi (Ishakli) Sahip Ata Caravanserai was built in 1249 at the end of the term towards Anatolian Seljukians' politically and economically successful period's end on the Silky Road 's part traveling over Anatolia from east to west. At present Sultandagi county which is bound to Afyon province was known as Ishakli Ocagi bound to Bolvadin district. The founder of the Sultandagi Caravanserai is a famous Seljukian vizier, Fahrettin Ali Bin Hüseyin known with the nickname Sahip Ata. The inn of famous Seljukian vizier Sahip Ata went down in history as pious deed at Ishakli was established as a foundation and has served for centuries.

Ishakli Inn fits into the group the inns with open and closed parts. The Sultan Inn on Konya Aksaray road (1229), Nigde Agzikarahan (1236-1241), Tokat Hatun Inn (1239), Sari Inn on the Kayseri Aksaray road (mid 13 th century), Obruk Inn on the Konya Aksaray road (mid12th century) and Çardak Inn on the Egirdir Denizli road (1230) are the inns which have the nearest similarities according to the plans.

The Kösk Mescit positioned in the courtyard of the caravanserai as fevkani is one of the few examples of Anatolian Seljukian Caravanserais. The inns that have Kösk mescit at the center of the courtyard are known as The Sultan Inn on Konya Aksaray road, Tuzhisari Sultan Inn on the Kayseri Sivas road, Agzikara Inn on the road Nigde Aksaray. Positioning of Sultandagi Sahip Ata Caravanserai in the direction of northeast-southwest has caused the Kösk mescit to be positioned with a right angle to the kible direction at the center of the courtyard. With this feature it is the only known example among the other caravanserais. Also the mukarnas filled dome cover of the Kösk mescit can not be seen at the other caravanserais.

At the caravanserais built to meet the needs, decorations generally are seen at courtyard portal, closed part portal and Kösk mescit. The courtyard portal of the Sahip Ata Caravanserai carries the architectural features of the era. At the courtyard portal which has simple decoration, frames are formed with moldings, with star motifs and gülbezeks ornaments were done. At the inner portal the oyster tromps and chamfered arch surface gained the door difference.

The building survey project of Sultandagi Sahip Ata Caravanserai has been approved with Eskisehir KTVK board's 15.08.2003 date and 2056 numbered decision. The request to make drilling (search) excavation at the courtyard and closed part in order to make the mentioned Caravanserai's reassembling and restoration project to be prepared was approved at the same date and at the date September-October 2003 drilling operations were made. The operations were made with small tools that can be used with hand. Search excavations were made in the courtyard at the areas restricted with the walls that have traces on the ground along the east wall and front surface and at the area going on to surface frame wall of the develik of which three nave stands on the west direction. Besides in order to find the original ground elevation or altitude in patches excavations were made in front of the entrance and around the Kösk mescit.

After search excavation made in the courtyard it is understood that at the front surface at the right of the entrance there is one closed part and on the left there are two parts including the corner. The idea of the localities goes on till the closed part from the corner locality along the east wall has come true.

At the closed part the excavation was done between the arch feet where traces of seki were found that separates the people and the animals. It was seen the traces seen on the ground continued under the ground. But under the seki which is thought to be stone covering no trace of floor plating was found. Considering the size and compared with the caravanserais of the same description it can't be thought that “there was no seki arrangement”.

The request for the knocking down of Özel Idare Building , built in 1974 and its outbuilding which is positioned adjacent to the southwest wall of the Sahip Ata Caravanserai was approved Eskisehir KTVK board's 15.08.2003 date and 2056 numbered decision. After the search excavations made at the caravanserai (October 2003) the building was knocked down and environmental act of cleaning was done.

Discoveries got from the search excavation supported by the studies made about the caravanserai and the comparisons made with that era's buildings caused the reassembling project to be completed. The reassembling study has guided restoration projects.

THE ANALYSIS OF SULTANDAGI (ISHAKLI) SAHIP ATA CARAVANSERAI IN THE LIGHT OF RECORDS AND DISCOVERIES

Sultandagi (Ishakli) Sahip Ata Caravanserai built in A.H. 647; A.D. 1249 in the era of Seljukians is one of the large-scale buildings. As mentioned before the traces existing at the building, the discoveries got from the search excavation, the studies about the building made till present, the records of the era it was built and the era buildings of the same characteristics showed the way to the reassembling studies of the building. The caravanserai was discussed in four categories; the closed part, courtyard (the open) part, Kösk mescit and the crown doors and at the each category information about plan features, functional features, decorations and the materials used was given. The crown doors were quoted within sub-titles as the door portal and the closed part crown door. In the expression of parts/localities, by showing the studies made before and the traces in the present building as reference the supports of the study is tried to be introduced. The research report has been supported with photographs and drawings.

The main aim of the caravanserais which were built function oriented is to provide the safety of the accommodators and the required conditions for spending the night. The parts which were mentioned as “stable”, “the closed part” and “the part suitable for use in winter” in the literatures are the places built for accommodation of people and animals. Kuban (2002) defined the closed parts as a big place generally sharp profiled and formed of parallel naves covered with cradle vaults settling on thick walls and footings. In Sultandagi Sahip Ata Caravanserai the closed part was positioned in the direction of southwest according to the general layout. At the closed part which consists of five naves parallel to each other, perpendicular to the entrance wall the center nave was withheld higher and wider than the others.

The shelter's minimum conditions are animals' being unfastened, the weights' being unloaded, the passengers' being lied, animals' being fed and fastened. At many caravanserais the shelter part was separated with the footings carrying the arch, except this it is in the shape of places undivided places which have permanence. But in this place people and animals weren't found at the same platform, stables for animals and parts named seki for people and weights were found (Kuban, 2002; Yavuz, 1992; Yavuz, 1996).

Also in Sultandagi Sahip Ata Caravanserai, it is understood from the stone sequences in the closed part that attaches the arch and heel footings and bulge at the arch footings that there had been seki arrangement. Except these traces which became definite with the search excavations at the arch footings no trace of seki was found. This situation makes us to think that the stones which had to be at the stable and seki part were taken out used for different aims.

Yavuz (1992) stated that the seki arrangement was the same at the inns that have five naves. The seki starting at the first module at the entrance part takes place at the 2 nd and 4th perpendicular naves after going to the deep wall the two wings unite at the horizontal and takes a u shape. The seki is always like this in Dolay, Çardak, Kayseri Sultan, Agzikara, Sadettin, Susuz Karatay and Avanos inns. It is thought that the seki, also in Sultandagi (Ishakli) Sahip Ata Caravanserai, starts at the second module, goes on at the two sides of the center nave and unites at the southwest wall and takes shape of u by starting from this information and the discoveries after the excavation and some traces attaching the arch footings.

It can be reached to the sekis which were 0,80m. -1, 20 m high from the ground (Müler, 2001) in the closed part by stone or wooden stairs. Yavuz (1192) speaks about manger and trough arrangement on the seki wall or outer wall surface for feeding and water needs at the stable altitude at the inns where animals were found. Also rings or holes opened to the arch footings for fastening the animals. Since seki and stable arrangement has lost completely in Sultandagi (Ishakli) Sahip Ata Caravanserai, no information about where and how the seki stairs existed were found. Besides, no traces of manger and trough arrangements on the walls could be found. This situation makes the impression that manger and trough arrangements were not on the surface of the wall but they were at the edge of seki. No traces of ring and iron hook to fasten the animals were found.

The caravanserais' closed parts are closed to inside and places taking little light. Light and air was taken inner part by the way of the crenel windows, which were not many and protect from falling in the winter and from sun in the summer, opened on the solid thick walls or from flashlight windows which were at the center nave raised in respect of other naves. The crenel windows are arranged higher than a man's height, long and narrow and sloppy to inside for protection and ensuring the stuff inside. The dome at the raised center nave turns into a sharp Seljukian cone by being surrounded by an octagon hoop. The thin long windows opened on the octagon hoop light the closed part. The window arrangement taking place at the flashlight can differ. Although the flashlight parts of the inns collapsed generalizations can be made about the flashlight position and its conformation can be made with the help of studies made at the repaired inns, the records.

In Sultandagi (Ishakli) Sahip Ata Caravanserai, the lighting of the closed part was provided by the crenel windows on the southeast and southwest solid walls. There are two crenel windows on the southeast wall and three on the southwest wall. The windows on the southwest are different from each other in respect of their dimensions and altitude from the ground. The nave which is at the entrance axis from five naves perpendicular to entrance wall was raised in respect to other ones. The flashlight opening is present at this wide and high nave. The flashlight tower, which does not exist today, was formed by raising the square area at the third opening in respect to entrance namely at the center. The brick pendantives used to pass to the tower are the traces supporting this idea. But in 1974 Mahmut AKOK prepared the building survey project of Sultandagi (Ishakli) Sahip Ata Caravanserai and at his study he emphasized that at many caravanserais the flashlights were at the center, he indicated that it was at the second opening in respect to the entrance at Ishakli and this was a privilege. The researches made and the pendantive traces found shows that this detection is not true.

In the study “the Seljukian vizier Sahip Ata and his sons' lives and works” prepared in 1934 by M. FERIT and M. MESUT, it is indicated that the flashlight dome of Ishakli caravanserai resembles to Sultan, Zazadin, and Horozlu Inn domes. The flashlight of Zazadin Inn draws attention by being outside and lower part with square plan and at upper part the corners were chamfered and given an octagon appearance. The flashlight is a dome from inside and a cone from outside. There is a window on each side of the flashlight built with hewn stone. The brick pendantive used to pass to the tower in Sultandagi (Ishakli) Sahip Ata Caravanserai makes us to think that the dome is also built with brick material as if Horozlu Inn. It possible that hewn stone was used and the square planned dome took the conical hat shape outside as prescriptive and indicated. During the repair made in 1970s the flashlight part was finished with sequential armored concrete planks and the flashlight opening was given with structural steel in unsuitable way to its origin.

The upper cover of five naves perpendicular to entrance wall in Sultandagi Sahip Ata Caravanserai, went on at the roof and was covered with cradle vault. The weight of upper cover made by debris stone was transferred to the ground by the mediation of the arches that gives shape to upper cover. In the closed part which has 16 arch footings, the arch gaps and heights are almost the same except the central nave. It is indicated that two-centered, sharp, pressed down, half circle profiled arches and flat arches were used frequently in Seljukian Caravanserais. In the closed part of Sultandagi Sahip Ata Caravanserai sharp arches were used. Hewn stone was used in arch construction material and debris stones continued sequentially over hewn stone. Hewn stone was used at arch footings. The surrounding walls of closed part were bonded with sequenced debris stone inside and with hewn stone outside.

At the closed part lime plaster was used as a fixing agent for construction materials. Approaching joint plate technique was used at arch footings and arch stones. Rain water was thrown out from the top cover which was thought to be land with U-shaped Çörtens. The buttresses applied at the outer walls of the closed part with the aim of supporting the long walls, were applied as a third of square at corner points and as half of square at center of surfaces, namely as rectangular. Yavuz (2002) indicates that the buttresses, mostly used with aim of supporting at inn walls, were finished with a cone as suitable to the form in the plan. At Sultandagi Sahip Ata Caravanserai there is no clue how the buttresses finish. But in accordance with the researches it is thought that they finish with a cone suitable to square and rectangular.

The closed and open parts were thought from the oldest examples in caravanserais. The architecture of the closed parts does not differ very much but the courtyard planning alters. In some sources the closed part was named as “winter house” and the courtyard was named as “summery”. At the caravanserai's architectural structuring, the courtyard includes service places. In spite of the closed part's overnight stay function, the caravanserai's all other functions were done in the courtyard. It is entered to the courtyard from the crown door that reflects the caravanserai's simple appearance. In the courtyard related to the size of the caravanserai, there were closed parts like kitchen, manager room, Turkish bath, a few rooms for important passengers, mescit and half opened places covered with single or double porches like develik.

In many caravanserais to which function the covered places in the courtyard dealt out is not known. At Karatay Inn placed on Kayseri-Malatya road there have been a manager room on the left of entrance axis and a special room with an L hall to where it can be reached by a long narrow vault and a mescit. And also the Turkish bath which has a separate plan scheme on its own is one of the places used in the courtyard ( Kuban , 2002).

In Sultan Inn which is situated on the Konya -Aksaray way, there are deep rooms which are opened to the courtyard and are used partially store, partially to pass the night. On the part of the door, there is an area which is peculiar to the inn's watchman or the on duty soldier. Konyali (1974) in Aksaray Sultan inn, eight rooms in the courtyard has been explained as areas which the passengers would keep their loads and valuable goods and has pointed out that these areas are opened to the outside with a loop-hole window .He expressed that some rooms are divided from inside, used as a store and a cellar. It is stated that the house of the cooked food which is necessary for preparing food for the passengers is situated in the courtyard.

Bas (2001), in his investigation related to the Zazadin Inn, has commented the areas in the courtyard connected to each other as the Turkish bath or kitchen. Kurban (2002) has pointed out that the kitchens haven't been including so many things, passengers are given drinkable water but there hasn't been any possibility to have a bath. In addition to this information, although there have been volumes which are commented as toilet, there hasn't been coincided with a sample of it which has arranged with that sort. On the other hand, in very large inns, there has been the Turkish bath, provisions store; kitchen may be for shoeing-smiths and for mounted set repairmen a working place in the courtyard. If there have been inns which haven't got the Turkish bath in its structure, this necessity would be met outside the inns.

In the arrangements which have been done in the courtyard, as building materials, soft rock stone and rough stone and in some samples brick was used. The upper cover is generally surrounded with earth. The courtyard rooms and vaults are plastered. The rooms' vault upper cover is covered with rough stones.

The part of the courtyard of Sultandagi (Ishakli) Sahip Ata Caravansaray becomes covered and half-opened arrangements. The courtyard part which has been destroyed more than the covered part; there are covered areas which are at the front side and to the left wing for the entrance. On the left of the entrance, the corner is included, there are two covered areas. On the right wing, with a covered room, there's a half opened area. Müllerin (2001) For Aksaray Sultan Inn, it could be said that the areas belong to the watchman of the inn or the on duty soldier or for the usage of the direction of the inn. On the walls of these areas, with lime plastered, the technique of soft rock stone was used. There have been no signs on the walls about how the upper cover becomes in this surfaces areas. With the evaluations to the investigations and researches which have been done in the other inns it is thought that the rough stone plait has been applied to the courtyard areas as upright vault cover in Sultandagi Sahip Ata Caravansaray.

There are seven small rooms also the corner room which is on the left of the entrance and on the front face is included. In the courtyard, the corner area which is fronted to the front and side face is entered from the south-west direction. After the three covered volumes which are ranked side by side, the corner area included, there is a half opened area. That in the inspection excavation done in 2003, there hasn't been coincided with a wall sign and there has been an entrance from the half opened area to the covered area -called as eyvan-is confirmed that idea. There are three areas other than this area. The second area, whose entrance is from the eyvan, makes a connection to the other area which hasn't got a courtyard entrance. These areas which can be passed through one another, Bas (2001) for Zazadin Inn, is commented as the Turkish bath or kitchen. On the other hand, because of Sultandagi Sahip Ata caravansaray's Turkish bath necessity is met outside, the areas which can be pass through one another can be commented as kitchen and food stores. The other three areas are thought to have been used with the aim of service or the protection of the valuable goods. These areas whose outside walls were completely demolished were lighted with loop-hole windows and aired.

The walls of the rooms were completed by laying the rough stones with lime plaste. Because of the completely demolition of this part, there has been sign how the upper cover was. In the courtyard , the beginning of the vault which is on the wall in the last room and next to the covered part of the ordered areas gives an idea about the upper cover of these rooms. With the evaluation done in other inns, in the upper cover of these parts, it can be said that the cradle vault was used. In the vault cover, rough stones are laid with lime plaster derz.

In the caravansarays, the odd or even porch areas which take place in the courtyard are called 'for camels'. These half opened areas covered with upright vaults, are areas which the camels and other animals are tied in summer. The cover of vault was covered by using lime plaster material and rough stone. In these parts which haven't got any windows trough outside, the upper cover load is transferred to the ground by arches.

In the courtyard part of the inns, trunk walls, as in the covered part are covered with rough stones from the in side and with soft rock stones from outside. The floor covering material which is used in the courtyard part floor is generally stone.

In the outside walls, the monumental appearance of the caravansarays is supported with the props. The props increase the resistance of the walls in the long walls. The props are applied with different shapes as “square, circle, rectangle, and polygon”. In the corner points, repeated as 3/4 and the upper parts are completed with a conical hat which is shaped according to the plan.

Yavuz (1992) has emphasized that the inns were used for defense and he has pointed out that in some caravansarays, for this purpose, there has been dendans at the roof .The roof surface which is covered with earth is suitable to walk on comfortable. To be used and their care the roofs are reachable and for climbing the roof, stone or wooden ladder is used whose space is changeable in the courtyard. It has been thought that if there had been no ladder in the inns it could have been climbed to the roof by a portable ladder. The rain water at the roof is poured out by gargoyles from the outside walls.

The courtyard part of the Sultandagi Sahip Ata Caravansaray, the right part of the entrance, the north-west direction which is extended from the front part to the covered part wall, there is the porched part. The porched part becomes arch steps which is two rows. The six arch steps have kept still living till these days .The other four arch steps' marks which are nearly on the ground have been made conspicuous with the inspection excavation which was done in 2003. In the porched part, as in the shelter part, the tapering arch was used .In 1971s there was a restoration in the porched area .The demolished vault cover and the destroyed arch steps were completed. The vault cover was laid with the technique of filling the cement soil mixed plaster among the rough stones. In the arch steps, the technique of the soft rock stone wall cover was used. In the original building, the first row in the arches is thick, the second row is thinner than the first and the soft rock stone was used. The upper part of the arches and in the vault the lime plastered rough stone was used. In the restoration which was done in 70s, the upper cover was renovated and the each vault's upper part was covered with the soft rocks and the soft rocks which are cradle roof shaped. In the water canals which are made to fit among each vault, the rain waters are collected and are evacuated from the out wall to the outside. At that times, as Yavuz and Kuba have pointed out, it has been thought to have been covered with earth.

The courtyard ground of the Sultandagi Sahip Ata Caravansaray was covered with stones. The surfaces which are covered with stones have come into being with the inspection excavation which was done in October 2003 by opening the certain places of the courtyard. For raising the upper cover, the ladder order which takes place in some inns, hasn't been coincided with in Sultandagi Sahip Ata Caravansaray. To reach the upper cover, it has been thought that a portable ladder was used. In the Caravansaray, on long walls, the props which were done to increase the resistance of the wall , were used in the courtyard walls which were held longer than covered part walls. In the side walls, among the corners, there is a half square, it means rectangle, and a half circle prop. In the restorations, on the south-east side walls, the space porches take place in the plan of rectangle. There has been no sign about how the upper parts of the porches.

As in the covered part, the outside walls of the courtyard are covered with lime plastered rough stone inside and the soft rock stone to the outside. In the restorations which were done in 70s front and side surfaces again the soft rock stone was used. The height of the outside courtyard walls is such an altitude that the porched part and the covered area couldn't be perceived from outside.

In the Anatolia Seljukian Caravansarays, the small mosque draws our interest in the courtyard part and in the inns which are both with courtyard and come into covered part. In the recent samples, it has been understood that the small mosques have no certain places in the caravansarays and just at the moment of the building, according to the place of the other areas, an area is reserved for the small mosque.

In our religion, although a clean place is enough to perform the ritual prayers of Islam, to raise the worship place or to make it a covered volume has been seen the first remedy. The villa small mosques which were shaped as covered volumes are gained different samples to the Turkish Architecture.

It has been mentioned that the increased area concept, with the functional causes, is aimed at emphasizing the villa small mosques. In Anatolia Seljukian Architecture, the small mosque could be shaped in the courtyard, next to the one part of the building in the front face or in the middle of the building. Because of built for a small community's worship, their uppers become only one volume which is covered with dome or vault. The going up raised upper area is obtained with the stone ladders which are single or pair directed.

There is a fountain or a tank of water under the increased villa small mosque which provides to perform ablution. One of the oldest samples of the villa mosques in Anatolia is in the Kizilören Caravansaray which is on the Konya-Beysehir way. In this place the villa small mosque takes place half apart to the left of the entrance part which is saliented with a mass to the front side and on the arches. These on the front are apart, those at the back are set to the four steps which are saliented as a plaster shaped from the front walls and are raised from the small mosque's ground with four tapering arches and one crosswise vault. There is a foundation at the bottom which is under the steps of the plaster.

In the Zazadin Inn, which is situated on the Konya-Aksaray way, the small mosque takes place on the left of the entrance eyvan. The arrival to the upper flat has been provided by the stones which are over flown from the wall to the outside and which are turned to be a step of a ladder .The square planned small mosque's inner walls were covered with smooth soft rock stones and the side of the mihrab niche which had been quite destroyed and which is on the south wall is decorated with simple geometric motifs. In addition to the upper cover was completely collapsed, considering to the marks, it has been understood that its upper cover part covered with gilding vault.

In the Karatay Inn, which is situated on the Kayseri-Malatya caravan way, the small mosque is on the right of the courtyard entrance. The door of the small mosque is opened to the courtyard which is as a big portal.

In the Akhan, which is on the Egirdir-Denizli way in Goncali, the domed small mosque takes place on the front side, on the left of the entrance, the upper altitude of the barrel vaulted area next to the hale. In the Sari Inn, which is situated on the Kayseri-Aksaray the small mosque, as in the Kizilören Inn, is placed in the upper part of the courtyard portal.

In the courtyard part of the caravansarays, which is different from the small mosques situated on the front face, generally regarded as specialty of the sultan inns, the villa small mosques which are in the middle of the courtyard and as a form of an apart building, gain various nesses to the caravansarays.

The villa small mosques are formed the four columned structure's usage as a rule .By being raised the upper walls, the small mosque's vault's areas has been concealed The Agizkara Inn, whose small mosque is as a villa small mosque in the middle of the courtyard on the Konya-Nevsehir way, the Tuzhisari Sultan Inn, on the Kayseri-Sivas way, the Sultan Inn on the Konya-Aksaray way and Sultandagi Sahip Ata Inn on the Afyon-Konya way, there are four units. The villa small mosques are entered from the side which is opposite to the mihrab wall and generally the windows are opened to the two side walls. The small mosque altitude is reached by a ladder which is two or one directed and there is a landing for entrance in front of the door. In the caravansarays which were built for the functional aim and which display a simple and plain architectural comprehension; one of the parts which the garnishing takes place, the villa small village draws our attention. There are garnishings in the lower part of the small mosque, on the surfaces of the arches which are formed to the carrier steps, to the windows which are opened to outside, to the small mosque's door, to the mihrab and to the upper cover's inner side. The importance of the villa small mosque has been emphasized with the functional aimed rising and with the garnishing.

Under the villa small village, for performing ablution, there is a fountain or a tank of water. That there is a water tank in the Sultan Inn villa small mosque which is situated on the Konya-Aksaray way has been made clear in the Konyali's studying. That, in the courtyard, in the apart villa small mosques, the going out from the place where the ritual prayer is performed with a few ladder steps to the area which was explained as 'call to prayer's gathering place was seen. Akalin (1987) has talked about that there is a ladder which is going out to the terrace in the Agizkara Inn's villa small mosque.

In the building of the villa small mosques , as construction material , the soft rock stone was applied as approaching painting, and at the window , door , mihrab and the upper cover if exists, the mukarnas application was constituted by the cultivated stones' coming together in the loading technique.

The last sample of the villa small mosques which has attained these days and apart situated in the courtyard in respect to the date of the construction, exists in the Sultandagi Sahip Ata Caravansaray. The villa small mosques which draw our attention in Sultan Inns were located differently from the main axis related to the orientation of the Caravansaray. The villa small mosque's this location in the general speculation was commented by Ögel like that: ‘It was desired to make difference to the sense level than Sultan Inns'. There isn't any other sample in the courtyard which is located differently according to the main axis. The villa small mosque in the Caravansaray was skidded in the courtyard located north-east south-west, according to the courtyard's horizontal axis, to the direction of Mecca approximately 20 degrees.

The villa small mosque is supported at the bottom structure with four steps L shaped. The steps are connected to each other with arches four fronts .The north, that is to say the direction of the entrance; the small mosque can be reached by two faced ladders. The destroyed ladder's marks which are on the floor today, it can be understood that they are nine steps which reach the entrance altitude. The steps on the floor were covered the bottom area by connections as monastery vault from the square floor's corners and at the same time they constitute the small mosque's flooring. Except for the entrance surface, the stones which constitute arch in every face were decorated with half starry motifs. In every side, except for the arch stones, on the vertical wall, too, the half starry garnishings enrich the fronts. On the corners, there are circular relievo edges. Because the villa small mosque's upper part was completely destroyed , how the relievo edges were completed has been unknown .When the other villa small mosques are examined, it has been estimated that the relievo edges on the front edge continued at the upper point of the front with the same ratio and distance and completed the frame .

There is a broken curved surface garnishing stone at the small mosque's entrance door. The stress of the entrance with the relievo edges formed at the surrounding of the door has continued.

On the mihrab's wall which nearly collapses, there is no surface to open outside. At the corner points of the mihrab, there are columns. The windows which seem plain from inside are completed with the relievo edges from outside. There is the nave after the three stepped ladder which takes place on the right of the small mosque's entrance and with the aim of reciting the azan, a door which is low arched, is passed and the ladder which ascends the upper cover in the wall is arrived.

The small mosque whose central part collapsed, the bottom floor of it is stone covered. Inside, on the upper part of the vertical walls a relievo edge band is twisted. The dome is completed by a mukarnas cover which constitutes in seven orders after the relievo edges. Today the part of the dome which is after the three orders has been broken down. According to the Akok's (1974) studying, the mukarnas darning starts on the four walls, and it is divided to the octagons at the second or third level and it is divided to the hexagons at the last middle stars.

In the area which is under the villa small mosque, as Önge pointed out, it has been thought that there is a fountain or a water tank for performing ablution. Because the small mosque has been in a very ruined condition ,to do an excavation in this place hasn't seen fit from the standpoint of safety , it has been agreed that with the studying which would be done in the application rank , and the investigations how the organization of the ground are completed.

In the villa small mosque which the soft rock stones was used as approaching pointed, the gathering material was used. The triangle frontal marble stone on the east face and a few stones on the mihrab wall are the samples of the gathering stones used in the villa small mosque. It has been thought that the covering and vault cover stones in the small mosque which are in a ruined condition and have no statically safety are the stones which are under the small mosque on the ground and exist a partly.

2.3 The Crowned Doors in the Seljukian Architectural and the Application in the Caravansarays:

In the Anatolia Seljukian Architectural, in all buildings, one of the interesting arrangements is the cradle doors. In general, the evident characteristic of the cradle doors which are located to the middle of the forefront is their providing a projecting portor recession comparing to the front face.

The cradle doors are generally enriched with curves, profiles, surrounding arches, building inscriptions, corner columns, column caps, altars, rose-shaped, and risings. Each cradle doors has a different importance in its own in Turkish Architecture. Ünal (1982) in his studying named <the Anatolia previous the Ottoman-the Cradle Doors in the Turkish Architecture> gave place to the components of the cradle doors in details, and especially he investigated the Seljukian Cradle Doors. In the usage of the components on the cradle doors, the differences with the comments and the searches of the artists are discussed.

In the studying of the Bayburtoglu (1976) named 'the Forefront Arrangement in the Anatolia Seljukian Term Big Programmed Buildings ' gave place in details to the components which constitute the forefront in Seljukian buildings and the cradle doors which emphasize the forefront were dealt with in details .

In general, the whole part of the forefront; the cradle door -forefront wideness is balanced and provided that not to be ruined this balance, the height of the cradle doors were kept longer than forefront walls. And it was avoided that the cradle stone's surface is allowed undecorated. Nearly all the cradle doors which has side doors, is brought into being a stagger from external to internal. This stagger which is come by relievo edges and decorated borders , as at the right and left sides , is the same as at the upper part of the door's rectangle. The relievo edges are varieted as curved straight relievo edges, 45 degrees relievo edges, flageolet relievo edges. At the cradle doors the main niche cover called 'kavsara-arch-curved' generally constitutes from a part of a vault which is shoal or profoundly deep. The mukarnas which has a technology and a geometry on its own, could be a cover according to the usage place , a transition part , a frame and it was used on the column's upper caps and to crown . In addition the mukarnas constitutes richness visually; it is a part of the building cover. The altitude mukarnas starts, the door's front vacancy is generally in the plan of half of a square (ax2a). The stones which form projecting part in comparison the order of the bottom to the mukarnas' formation constitute the niches. Because there was never two mukarnas comes one after the other, and every mukarnas makes projecting to the bottom, the corbel elbows are formed. These elbows' zigzags give the plan of star to the niches.

The entrance doors most of which are flat arched , take place in the main niche whose side walls and inner part in rich and the alters which are placed on the two side walls of the niche and relapse the arrangement of the cradle door with its main lines gain profoundly to the main niche .

In the Bayburtoglu's studying, the mathematical ratios which would help the stone doors' restitution and restoration studying were done on the cradle doors , the wideness is 2 , the height was 3 units , in other words 2/3 ratio was applied so it was determined that the surface of the cradle door was divided to six squares . In addition, the door's space whose wideness is 1/3-1/4 to portail's wideness and the mukarnas system's sides and the parts on top of it resemble to the borders, the rosettes or hobnails are placed to the corner of the curves. If the measurable cradle door's outside wideness is taken as ‘a', it has been pointed out that, it will give (a/2) the height of the door step which meets on the door arches' keystone and commonly in the middle of it. In the light of six square principle, it could be determined that the cradle door's height can be calculated with the formula a/2x3=h

The inscriptions which contain information about buildings can be located in the Caravansaray or at the top of the Caravansaray in the cradle doors. The inscriptions can be found on the cradle door or in an extraordinary place.

As in the whole of the building of the Anatolia Seljukians, in the huge caravansarays, the arrangement of the cradle doors shows differentiation as required by safety and function. In general, in the caravansarays which don't enrich in garnishing, the ornamentation is seen mostly at the cradle door. The caravansarays which has covered and uncovered parts, courtyard cradle door is called 'outside portal' covered part's cradle door is called 'inner portal'. Both the inner portal and outside portal can be confronted in different arrangements with the aim of giving the effect of the cradle doors visually. But the cradle door which is an active component in the courtyard's front side is set with particular care because it is the first component which is perceived outside. In characteristic, the cradle doors of the caravansarays, has the functions of the other buildings. For that reason, in general, the explanations and the criterions which are towards the cradle doors are effective to the caravansarays' cradle doors.

There is courtyard front gate which is knitted with two colored stones that is built the shape of passing front face wall. In this way it has been given effect of third dimension. The front door's short face which looks at the outside has been left naked. The front door's projecting parts front face, it is at the outer corner and it is a semicircle cross PART. As Ünal's says its upper PART is demolished and the columns must become as the same high as the front gate. The frame later from the corner columns has taken a brimful smooth narrow place. After smooth molding there is surface which makes becomes star motif 45 degree for the sake of this second part come to open. Which comes from two side faces astral and angle molding is continued upper surface and it frame the caravanserai. At the inner side columns which is semicircle shaped continues to until start point of stalactitled which is at the two sides. As Tuncer points to provide the system of stalactitled it is thought that at the two sides there is a stalactitled which is three sequenced. There is a molding which is circular cross PART on the stalactitled sequenced.

On the ground it is included a coaster which is from the outer surface of niche to small mosque. Coaster continues until the door niche. Because of the ground is filled up with these feeds high become less.

Today there is stalactitled which is formed the caravanserai but it is not safe as statically. At the Ötüken's books which name is “Before Ottoman Anatolia Turkish Architectural Stalactitled Porteline Roof” it is documented today situation of outer porteline stalactitled. According to working of Tuncer stalactitled which has not got last stone now is completed as Seljukian Star. It is clarified this information to come knitted stalactitled stone.

The courtyard admission door has been provided with an overcast belt. On the convex stones there are three sequenced inscriptions after a sequenced stone.

There is two small mosques front door's main niche's inner side face. Mutual isolated is rather short and its three other edges are the same, five edged equal profiles determine formal with mihrab's main lines. At the front gate's mihrab's cross PART there are semicircle slim columns. On the mihrab's surface passing with three sequenced stone. After columns and knitted stalactitled with a small tooth forty five degree molding forms mihrab's frame at the front gate.

Because of front gate's upper stone is demolished surround convex is not clear. Surround convex has come to isolate some inner level with inner cross PART semicircle column. It is thought that surround convex is to protect its distance with kavsara. It has been determined that moldings and convex height is 9, 60 meter .

Front gate, kavsara and surround convex have been decorated with roses. There are 8 rose. Roses are polygon, square, and circle and decorated differently. There is symmetrical rose on the stalactitled and between the stalactitled and surround convex.

Sultandagi Sahip Ata Caravanserai's closed PART front gate is planned at the shape of passing front wall like courtyard gate. According to court porteline it is decorated more naked. There is a semicircle column at the corner of the niche. This column frames surround convex at the same time. Front face of the niche there is a molding which is 45 degree to the middle point. It becomes a second frame at the front gate.

Entry door is provided with semicircle and triangular stones knitted overcast convex. Convex is the shape of molding consol. There is knitted stone on the convex. There is an inscription between the main niche on the sequenced of stone which is six sequenced. It is joined surface of the front gate with knitted shape of vault six sequenced of inscription has been written on the frame. There is an oyster motif squinch at the point of convex.

There is small mosque at the main niches' side face which has taken narrow. It is determined that small mosques main line with two isolated rather short and the other isolated are equal profile. There are thin columns at the corner of the small mosque which are semicircle. Small mosque becomes four sequenced stalactitled and it reaches smooth surface. Left arm of small mosque is worse state.

There is a coaster at the point of moldings which becomes forty five degree angle. It frames surround convex at the ground of niche. Coaster goes on to the surface of the door and small mosque too. Closed PART of the front gate is as the same as courtyard has gotten full. It can be possible that the height of the coaster is 1.00 meter .

Anatolia has gotten lots of civilization since before the history. Because of this it is very important inheritance which clarifies society's power, richness and identity. It can be only if we protect this inheritance conscious we can quote past to the future this value go on. It will be able to provide systematic principles and conscious restoration. With this restoration aim to is to hide negative effect and restoration and become functional to the construction. For this reason the cause of spoiling about Sultandagi Sahip Ata caravanserai has been taken a hand in this part and told about principles through protection and keeping.

3.1. THE GENERAL SITUATION AND CAUSE FOR DESTRUCTION AT SULTANDAGI SAHIP ATA CARAVANSERAI- CONCPT AND PRINCIPLES

At the working of Sahip Ata Caravanserai's restoration the process of building survey reassembling light the way for making analyses. It is built in 1249 and because of losing value trade way, industrialization, urbanization, not using has become functionally and it hasn't been used. Closed PART of caravanserai has been used for scrap a period of time but some times later it has been left and for this reason construction supplies have been gathered. Because of unconsciousness smugglers has stolen the value belongings and given harm to them. For that reason destruction has been increased.

The other factor of getting worn out has been earthquake. The region which is caravanserai there is an earthquake region. At the earthquake which has been lived in 03.02.2002 at 6, 0 intensity, the traditional tissue has been lived heavy destruction.

At the Sahip Ata caravanserai from 1965 to 1975 has realized that restoration and renovation going on time to time when we look photograph which took in 1964 is studied, restoration is seen at comely PART, at the feed of closed PART front door, upper roof and the walls. A period of restoration to ground has been made we can see it courtyard front door photographs. The construction supplies are used like original supplies but new supplies aren't discriminated with the original supplies. For the front gate and courtyard front door has not been found any interventions because they are statically bad condition.

It is very important for protection to know damage reasons, and the factor of damaging. It will not be able to decide right way, it is not known the reason of damaging. For that reason in Sahip Ata Caravanserai it has been worked to determine what is the reason for getting worn out and according to KTVKYK principles has been tried to define working of reinforced, purifying, completion, replacing techniques. It is made functionality through according to location of construction, bigness, organization of place, and economical factor. It has been appropriated principles for Venice Regulation, Carta Del Restaura, Amsterdam Report, UNESCO (1076) decisions and KTVKYK decision.

The working of reinforced take a hand three level they are supplies of monument, system of carrying and reinforcing of the ground. Sahip Ata Caravanserai construction supplies are formed cube-shaped stones and rubble stones. One of the most important problems at stone construction is moisture. It is seen in that construction moisture rise from ground or rain water.

In Sahip Ata Caravanserai walls which are constituted from cube shaped and rubble stones have seen damage because of moisture. Moisture problem like salt prepare suitable environment and play roles increasing harmed. When the problem of moisture is done away, the factor of salt which increase harmed is done away, too. Harmed in caravanserai's construction supplies:

Loss of stone supplies
Separation of stone supplies
Becoming colorful and accumulation on the surface of stone

Apart from harmed natural air condition, air pollution, exhaust smoke cause pollution to construction supplies. In this way it is formed white, gray, black soiled and bacterium. Harmed to construction supplies are seen closed PART, courtyard PART and the front gate.

There is moisture in closed PART all the time. One of the factors which cause moisture is insulation of water and to come rain water in it because of opening of lantern PART. Besides the surrounding of caravanserai's closed PART is filled up with time and the level of earth has risen. For gathering water from upper roof and coming water from outside it is not made any drainage application. This situation increase moisture at out wall and ground. Convex and feed of convex is harmed coming moisture from ground and upper roof entering water. In cold weather, water which is in stone supplies has frozen and being salting is increased the harmed more and more. There is loss effect of moisture, pulling up with human hand, hollows at the stone supplies. There is also separation in stone supplies and being peeled in spots. It is attracted selection white and black accumulation and becoming colorful.

There is thrown away and coming apart in lantern dome in pendantive brick. In 1970 it makes think cause of harmed is not replacing feed of convex and upper roof. Because of staying half in working it is increased proportion of damage.

Caravanserai courtyard PART is the most harmed PART because of some place has been become. There is a moisture problem like closed PART stone wall in northwest wall courtyard PART. At upper roof and ground, it is increased moisture because of not making water insulation and bot being drainage. At the porch PART spoils because of loss, broken hollows of stone supplies. It is seen in stone supplies that are also separation in stone supplies and being peeled in spots. It is attracted selection white and black accumulation and becoming colorful. Construction supplies getting cause slide some part of the courtyard.

There is some separation and getting at the courtyard Part's inner side walls. Walls outer side has been coated with cube shaped stones in 1970. Cube shaped stones are made apparent part of height but especially some part of and between results become to break.

Because there is not any protector on the wall, it cause rain and snow water come into it for that reason it is increased the harmed.

There is some harm the mosque of the manner house construction supplies from moisture and air conditions. Its upper roof has been ruined and because of this all the water come in. for that reason there is getting and harmed in mosque sides. There is plantness, being salted, become colourness at stone supplies. There is some getting and harmed at the moilding, which are made for decoration. 2002 earthquake has caused big harmed in the mosque of the manner house. Because there is no roof on it, it has caused getting, losing and spoilds. Especially mihrab's wall there is huge cracked. It can be seen a statical solution that is told in 1.2., PART completion technique, being numbered to the stones and making care and repair.

It is applied with stone supplies the outer porteline which is increased the symbolic activity of caravanserai. Despite of the air conditions and earthquake there is harmed in courtyard porteline as the same as other porteline. There is not any connective member between stone supplies at the front gate which has not got upper side. There is plantness, being salted, become colourness at stone supplies. It is seen that the effect of moisture harmed is increased near ground and upper PART.

The most important supplies harm is changing color in closed PART which is seen repairing. There is some harmed because of bad weather conditions and moisture. There is loss and separation at stalactitled small mosque at the door niche. Filling up to the ground has been caused spoiled and separation.

Generally at the caravanserai's interventions and harmed is limited stone supplies. It must be applied by experienced person to use supplies which are new and useful instead of old supplies. Apart from mosque of manner house system of porter is strong condition. The reason of harmed at the supplies the system of porter will see harm a period of time. There is not any problem at the ground apart from moisture. It will be able to become less the problem by taking measure outer of the construction and upper roof. It should be used in construction a new supplies instead of losing quality and quality of porter. It will be possible to provide after destroyed walls is completed.

For the cleanliness of the construction will be use lots of methods. It must be chosen appropriate techniques which are applied small areas these techniques are mechanical, chemical or compass origin. It is very important not to be harmed to construction supplies period of inspection and repairing. For that reason it is useful to tell short knowledge about cleanliness techniques.

Mechanical cleanliness: it can be provide by spraying dirty ground with pressure sand, vitreous cure or aluminum kernel. It must be worked painstaking and fallen pressure for not to become more abrade. It must be careful while choosing person which must be expert for this job. It is appropriate for big surface. It is not true to use these techniques in spoiled areas.

Chemical cleanliness: it is chosen for surface which is high value for historical and art and becoming harmed. It is applied surface by sucking half cooked paper. After it is waited sometime, it is washed with plenty water. If we don not have any cleanliness which is wanted according to protection of surface it can be repeat same transaction. It must be careful to wash surface after using this techniques for not give any harm to surface.

Washing with water: it gives good result only if the dirty can be decomposed in water. But it is not good to give more water to the side. It causes flowered by transporting to salt action in the wall and it come through inner surface. For preventing it is used special extreme which sprays water a little. Thanks to a little water which bandages the surface a cloud, it can be possible to clean big surface a little water.

To apply half cooked paper and sucking with clay: the half cooked which is prepared seilite and attapulgite clay is plastered to surface which has the problem of flowered. After it is dry it is lifted up. If it is necessary this transaction can repeat. In this way surface can become clean oil and candle from surface, and decomposed salt. It can be possible to use half cooked paper which is prepared with water to become clean to decomposed salt, too.

To apply sucking jells: jell which is used in perpendicular surface is very thin alkaline spanned. The solution which is spread to the surface with a brush upper part is covered with aluminum folio, because of preventing to get vapourised is closed its isolated tightly. After awhile is it opened and by washing deiyonized water in this way alkaline chemical material is removed. It is not practical to use it in plenty stoma stones the reason of washing.

Reintegration is a method which means by using traditional or contemporaneous supplies the PART which is harmed to bring the state for the first time of it. The factor which is effect direction can be esthetic, functional or balance doubt.

It is necessary reintegration especially in closed PART, courtyard PART, mosque of the manner house and courtyard front gate as esthetically and functionally in Sahip Ata Caravanserai. According to second matter of Carta Del Restaura “reintegration of monument is not with hypothesis but it can be come to agenda monument original component big measurement and clear information which monument provide.” According to Venice Regulations 12 th matter while doing reintegration to incomplete PART must be harmonious the old one but this restoration at the same time must be done artistic and historical balance and it can not distinguish from the all done. These explanations are taken in consideration. It is very useful to assure the stone supplies to the area because of easiness of transport, harmony of supplies and feasibility.

In the roofed part, the upper parts of the buttresses, which support the outer walls, were partly come down. It is known that these buttresses were above the level of the roof and ended by a steeple apt to its plan. For this reason, the buttresses are thought to be bigger than the offered body walls. This design is considered necessary within the usual and aesthetic wholeness. As a result of the fact that there is no clue that the buttresses ended by a steeple, they are left flat. The gargoyles that served to keep water in the roofed area were collapsed. The flashlight in the centre of the raised middle area of the ambulatory in the covered part was collapsed out of an unknown reason that might be the devastation of the ambulatory in time.

It is completed using a design that is not loyal to its origin by making use of materials of today's concrete-framed construction and structural iron materials. The arrangement of the flashlights ensures the aesthetic harmony. For this reason, the cupola is thought to be arranged in the light of restitution following the 12 th clause of Venice regulations. It is offered that the cupola, which is supposed to be made of brick in accordance to the research, is to be reorganized by using bricks again; and that it is to be surrounded by an octagon pulley when shifting into the copula from a square design. It is added that it should be ended by a steeple such as other constructions in the Seljuq architecture. The contraction joint facet of the steeple is accepted to be covered with stone. It is foreseen that loopholes are to be opened to the tholobate surface in order for the Caravansaray to be lightened and ventilated.

The main walls in the courtyard, which are the most damaged area of the building, are partly destroyed and lost. It is agreed that the main walls are to be redesigned to ensure the integrity in accordance with the characteristics of the period and be constructed using stone materials. The buttresses in this part are thought to finish above the upper main wall level and be followed by a flat end. The cloister part which has traces at the right part of the courtyard is to be completed in the light of the data and research. The traces of the abutment on the surface are thought to be made from stone material that will allow the coved texture, which is orthogonal to the centerline, to stand on. It is decided that the existing roof cladding should be remade and the gargoyles should be placed orderly so as to guarantee snow rain waters are blocked. At the roofed parts at the end of the courtyard the surface s planned to go under a deep cleaning and so the main walls will appear again. It is agreed that the original stone material is to be made reappear and the non-existing pieces should be ensure wholeness.

The mosque, which has no security in terms of statics, is thought to be completed when its symbolical meaning within the building and the courtyard is considered. The carvings and the decorations on he frames of the doors and the windows shed light on the completion. There is also a reference to the features of the structures of the small mosques in that period. It is kept in mind that the bidirectional staircase in the entrance surface, which is absolutely vanished, is to be completed. The materials of the mosque of the manor house are going to be replaced by the new construction materials.

The front gate of the courtyard of the caravanserai was able to survive till the last two courses of the stalactitled archings; but the upper part was collapsed. It is forethought that the gate is to be finished by the starting with the distance between the carvings and the decorations on the doors and the traces of the archway. The soil filling-up has gradually closed the footings of the door recess. It is offered that an extensive floor cleaning has to be done in order not to allow soil water to fill in as a result of the highway nearby. Existing door carvings are essential for making frames of the same length and providing formal integrity and continuance. The front gate of the roofed part was completed by the repair work in 1970's. The inner portal, which has no archivolt, is thought to be covered with stone archings to protest the floor from snow waters and to defer the corruptions.

3.1.3 THE EVALUATIONS AND THE SUGGESTIONS WITH THE PURPOSE ADAPTING TO REUSING

Because of the changing of the life style through the time and the demands depending on that, many historical buildings aren't used with their original function. Reusing of the historical buildings, their taking active place in the modern life becomes an instrument in the scope of protection. The principles of reusing have been defined with national and international legal regulations on the protection of historical buildings.

On the 4th item of CARTADEL RESTAURA (1931) the borders of functioning and applications in accordance with this are framed with the statement of “It can only be accepted to do reusings of living that is still standing monuments which are not so different from the original function and in which applications in the building can be done without giving significant harm.”

The statement of “Protection of monuments can be simplified by using them always for any useful social purpose. For this, that kind of usage is desired. But the plan or the ornaments of the monument shouldn't be changed. Only in these limitations, the changes required by the function change can be designed and allowed.” takes place.

The requirement of functioning in the protection is emphasized with the statement of “The structures should be given functions suitable for the modern life without neglecting to respect their characters, and so their being kept alive should be guaranteed.

According to 33 articles in the outcome report of UNESCO's (30 November 1976) meeting;

“The protection of historical areas and advices about their contemporary roles”:

Protection and repair work must be carried on with refreshment activities. Thus, existing suitable tasks especially to acquire commerce and craft should be changed as they will be combined with country's, region's and city's socio-economic structure in the long term. The cost of the protection applications should not be evaluated only for their cultural importance; the repaired structures will be used again so this value should not be ignored. If these value scales are not used, the social problems of protection can not be observed. These functions should not change the genuine characteristics of the area; they should meet the social, cultural and economical requirement of inhabitants. The politics of cultural refreshment should change the historical areas to be a cultural activity center and should play pioneer role in cultural improvement around them.” Explanation can define the criterion of given function and the requirements acquired by functioning.

Monumental structures should be accepted as whole with their environment. The restoration of environment close to monument regarding to the function will provide the availability of the monument with its area. City furniture, grass area and park settlement, road for pedestrians and vehicles, car parks, bus stops, etc. organizations will enable the connection of the monument with environment.

The choice of the function of the building gives importance to the environmental formation, capacity, functional relations, construction and the location. The places found in monumental structure which will be given new function, should arranged in accordance with the actions of new function and to the behaviors of people. New functions will be given to each place regarding to the audio visual, communicational conditions in the place and between the connections of places. Together with it, the social and cultural structure, the requirements, the connection with highway for touristic reasons are topics which should be analyzed. Furthermore, new functioning can bring up the need for public utility system and the problems need to be solved. Technical equipment should be considered as unharmful to the structure; they should not give damage to building and should not change the function of the place and its structure and should not lose the genuine characteristics of equipment and should provide comfort.

In the extent of KTVKY's “the classification of cultural Immovable Properties, Maintenance and Repair” on 05.11.1999 date 660 numbered decision, Sahip Ata Caravanserai which has historical and aesthetic value, is in the first group structures defined as “the indispensable structures which have historical, symbolical, memorical, and aesthetics qualifications in the information forming the pecuniary property history of the society.”

Sultandagi Sahip Ata Caravanserai which has cultural and historical monument value has lost its function but has stayed physically, taking new function will gain its reputation and modern productivity and it will be a step to provide its historical sustainability.

Sultandagi County which is positioned on highway network of Konya-Afyon-Izmir has a glorious history dating back to Seljukian era. Close to Sahip Ata caravanserai, there is a Turkish bath, an Ottoman era structure, a mosque which is considered to be completed during the first years of Republic and a fountain (Laleli Fountain) which is remainder of Seljukian era. Except from these structures, traditional residences formed in new floors including office spaces on the floor have formed general configuration. First municipal plan controlling development and construction within the area was done in 1977. Caravanserai's front entrance has been approximately on 6m road in the county which has not regular settlement and qualified outer construct of residences.

There is a road and park in an undefined wideness in the south-east of the Caravanserai. There is a taxi stand on the road, which is considered for the workers of the taxi and which is not an aesthetic closed area. The road in the direction of south-east has reached to residential estate by combining with a small path which is limited with road, mosque and caravanserai. The narrow path in the direction of north-west has connected the Turkish bath and the roads of residential estate. The position of Caravanserai and the constitutions around it will be evaluated for restoration and will be dealt with again for qualified construct of outer residences.

Sahip Ata Caravanserai is formed of two main parts such as courtyard and the closed part, the closed part of it is constituted by one flat scale. However, the courtyard has been formed by repeated modular (rooms) and as a combination of flat scales (the special area called develik and the chalet mosque). The closed part which is formed by one flat scale, arch stands from vertical and horizontal part entrance visually. Middle axle is perceived as main circulation due to its wide and high construction. The construct of the closed part can provide arrangement in repeatability of sequential places.

Modular area in the courtyard can be used for one specific reason on the service of bath processing or it can be arranged for different purposes as divided places. Single places in the courtyard can be designed for the use of one or two people according to their capacity. Chalet mosque can continue its original purpose and can be arranged as a local residence of salat (namaz) with 20 people capacity in accordance with the evaluations and analyses in the prepared study papers, tables.

As a result of evaluations, the suggestions of “shopping district and tea house” has been chosen because of the fact that they can less interfere with the possession, they are economic, sustainable and long-lasting. Together with this function caravanserai can be used by common folks constantly, furthermore our cultural and historical values can be reflected to native and foreign tourists. Tea house and shopping district will have vigour and will have contribution to country's economy with visits of native and foreign tourists.

3.1.3.2 RESTORATION OF SAHIP ATA CARAVANSERAI IN ORDER TO BE USED AS SHOPPING DISTRICT AND TEA HOUSE

Regarding to the fact that caravanserai which has cultural, historical, aesthetic values shouldn't be independent from its environment; some external regulations have been done. Road operations which had been done gradually became the reason of up throw on the level of ground around caravanserai. Thinking up the historical artifacts (Turkish bath, mosque, fountain) those present to it, the ground is foreseen to be evacuated as suggested in the project. Thus, the visual perception and the meaningful effect of the caravanserai and other historical artifacts would be provided. Broken ground, wave on the floor between the closed part and the front wall of the courtyard has been solved by stairs in the patches. The view of the reevaluation of physical constitutions which can effect visual impression of environment restoration in negative way has been adopted. The parkland took place in the north-east part of caravanserai has been anticipated to be carried with preservation. Existing taxi stand has been thought to be taken away. In the north-west part of caravanserai car park organization for common folks, and especially for tourists to park their car, for cars and buses, has been formed. Transportation to car park has been provided in the direction of south-west.

Owing to the water problems of current upper cover of closed part and courtyard, restoration is required. By uprooting the floor tile on debris stone wall in the closed part, the unfavorable effects which can give harm to the structure has been focused to be removed. In restoration, roof shape applied in 1970s has stayed unchanged so that the materials can be used again. To remove the water from the building, current channels have been inclined toward the frame walls, and have been connected to gargoyle stated in the original material. Using hewn stone is accepted for uses instead of most of them are broken gargoyle.

Lumination torch in the middle axis centre has been completed by octagon spire covered with suggested brick hewn stone on dome. Spire has been finished with spin surface dripstone molding so that torch's external surface has stayed without damage. On frame walls stone cappings ( 10 cm ) have been considered and on the point of conjunction between the wall and the floor stone covering concrete pavement has been framed along the external walls.

Owing to this restoration what is targeted is that water which is caused by natural events such as rain, snow shouldn't give harm to the building. The ground floor in the direction of south-west of caravanserai has been ascended in the length of time by ill action and declivity to north-east direction has occurred. Drainage tunnel which can include necessary technical details has been suggested in the direction of south-west along the trunk wall. Humidity and water which can damage building have been considered to collect there and to transfer to sewer system. There is slope in the courtyard of the caravanserai, from the closed part to the courtyard of entrance wall. Courtyard ground water which is gathered in front of the courtyard entrance has been considered to be transferred to sewer system by hidden drainage tunnel.

The view of using materials appropriate to genuine material in the restoration of the structure has been adopted. In addition to completing the missing material, using the same kind of stone material, also replacement for well-worn material has been agreed. In restoration of proper new function, woodwork, and wood coverings appropriate to stone material have been preferred. Dividing walls in the closed part are suggested as a result of new function has been elaborated so that they can not be in contrast with the genuine of the structure.

Caravanserai has two parts, open and closed; closed part has been arranged to be used as shopping district and the courtyard has arranged to be used as tea house. In the closed part, middle nave has been arranged for the purpose of being small business firms. Stone has suggested being the floor covering in the middle axle. Applying structural details under hewn stone covering has been suggested to be used to prevent the negative effects cause by the ground. The interior surfaces and ceiling of trunk walls have been considered as hewn stone coverings and the view of harmony between stone material and woodwork. Entrance to storerooms is provided with middle nave. The floor of storerooms has been elevated 10cm higher from the middle nave. Dividing materials found in single place formed by arch and arch stand have been formed by the light U-beam plasterboard. According to function of storeroom, furnishing materials (cupboard, shelf, etc….) have been arranged in an appropriate way. To enlighten the places, connection through the anticron cables from dividing wall surfaces have been considered. Thus genuine material will not get damaged. The floor of storerooms has been suggested woodwork cadres with the thought of harmony with woodwork covering. Display panel has been established on the trunk wall of the middle nave so that products of storerooms can be exhibited for product publicity. The display panel which is suggested as woodwork and glass material has been agreed to be carried by profile iron.

The courtyard of the caravanserai has been arranged as tea house and unit of work. The closed areas on the right and left of the entrance have been furnished as office and control venue by business enterprise. To enlighten these places a window has been opened on the walls completed in restoration of front entrance. Bulletin boards which consist of inn's old and repair time photographs and informative passages about caravanserai on the walls opposite to front entrance have been considered. Archway on the right part of courtyard has been arranged as sitting place for service of drinks such as tea, coffee, coke, water pipe and for the service of food which is light and can be prepared quickly such as toast, savory pastry and biscuit. The front surface of the place looking at the courtyard has been limited with woodwork frame and divided by glass surfaces. In winter closed area, in summer half-open area settlements are used. Due to the courtyard entrance door has been considered as a second and fourth arch openness. The ground of this area has been higher than inclined courtyard. For this reason to reach the altitude ( 50 cm ) formed in front of the tea house entrance, stairs have been suggested as a means of access. The place which is restricted with the front trunk wall of arcade has been separated for the preparation of food and drinks. Countertop with kitchen sink has been suggested for the right of entrance. Public utility services which are necessary for kitchen sink will be transferred from main network (ground) and the place of installation on the wall will not give damage to the original material.

For the reason of protecting, living up, and transferring our historical and cultural values to next generation the survey of Sahip Ata Caravanserai which consists of building survey, reassembling, and restoration steps have been carried up by the support of Sultandagi county Kaimakam and Municipality. To support with documentation the current state during working process, excavation survey has started after building survey projects have been approved by Eskisehir KTVK. The tracks appeared after excavations have been marked and the building survey projects have been completed. Although survey for the structure was not sufficient and trustworthy the search of the era structure concerning Seljukian era caravanserais has become representative in reassembling survey.

In conclusion as a result of building survey the decision concerning modification about structure have been made after the synthesis of obtained information and evidence, decays which need repairing has been determined. The action suggested to sustain protection has been chosen in accordance with the features of county where the caravanserai is located and the requirement sustainability, economical criterion. Sahip Ata Caravanserai which is one of our historical and cultural values will become protected and will be transferred to next generation with the completed restoration suggested in accordance with the regulations and principles.